Effect of macronutrient supplementation on andrographolide content in Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Nees


Citation :- Effect of macronutrient supplementation on andrographolide content in Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Nees. Res. Crop. 26: 381-387
SITI USWATUN HASANAH, HIMALAYA WANA KELANA AND ADANG FIRMANSYAH sitiuswatunhasanah@stfi.ac.id
Address : Indonesian College of Pharmacy, STFI, Parakan Resik 354, Bandung, 40266, Indonesia
Submitted Date : 5-05-2025
Accepted Date : 20-05-2025

Abstract

Andrographis paniculata, a widely used medicinal plant in Indonesia, is valued for its bioactive compound andrographolide, predominantly found in its leaves. Nutrient availability, especially macronutrients like calcium, potassium, and sulfur, plays a crucial role in enhancing plant metabolism and secondary metabolite production. This study was conducted during 2023 and 2024, at the Indonesian College of Pharmacy, West Java, Indonesia, to explore how targeted supplementation of these nutrients influences andrographolide content in different plant tissues to improve its medicinal quality and yield. Seeds of Andrographis paniculata were sourced from BALITRO, Indonesia, and sown in 20 × 20 cm polybags containing 7.5 cm of planting medium. Uniform seedlings (approx. 25 cm tall) were transplanted and given a basal dose of SP-36, KCl, and urea. Plants were grouped into treatments: Control (N), N + Calcium (CaCl₂), N + Potassium (KNO₃), and N + Sulfur, with three dosage levels each. Andrographolide was identified by TLC and quantified by HPLC using a C18 column, with methanol:water (65:35) as the mobile phase and detection at 224 nm. The experimental results indicated that the application of 0.44 g of KNO₃ fertiliser yielded the highest average growth in terms of plant height and number of leaves. Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) analysis confirmed the presence of andrographolide in all methanol extracts of A. paniculata, as evidenced by the appearance of spots corresponding to the andrographolide standard at an Rf value of 0.5. Quantitative analysis revealed that the highest andrographolide concentration, at 9.428%, was observed in plants treated with a high dose of CaCl₂ applied to the leaves.

Keywords

Andrographis paniculata andrographolide macronutrient

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